The Ninth Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art

207 ESSAYS Endnotes 1 The title of this essay has been taken from Shilpa Gupta’s artwork 24:00:01 2010–12, included in APT9. 2 US-based Iranian artist Iman Raad has been vulnerable to changing American visa conditions, which have restricted his travel to places to create work. 3 Nav Haq, ‘The invisible and the visible. Identity politics and the economy of reproduction in art’, L’internationale , 16 September 2015 <http:// www.internationaleonline.org/research/decolonising_practices/31_the_ invisible_and_the_visible_identity_politics_and_the_economy_of_ reproduction_in_art>, viewed July 2018. 4 Rasheed Araeen, ‘A new beginning: Beyond postcolonial cultural theory and identity politics’, in Rasheed Araeen and others (eds), Third Text Reader: On Art Culture and Theory , Continuum, London, 2002, p.334. 5 See Iftikhar Dadi, Modernism and the Art of Muslim South Asia , The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC, 2010. 6 A meeting of African and Asian states in Indonesia in 1955, the Bandung Conference was influential in the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement, which was established in Belgrade in 1961. Geeta Kapur notes the renewed interest of artists in these movements in her essay ‘Proposition Avant-Garde: A view from the south’, Art Journal , vol.77, no.1, 2018, pp.87–9. MENAP: Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan; MENASA: Middle East, North Africa and South Asia. 7 The term ‘South-East Asia’ came into common use following World War Two, and developed out of the British South East Asia Command, which operated in the region from 1943 to 1946. Previously, the terms ‘Indochina’ and ‘East Indies’ were used to define parts of the region by European colonial powers. 8 Indian Partition in 1947 ended British colonial rule (1612–1947) and formed the independent nations of India and Pakistan, which included the province of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) along perceived religious lines. An estimated 14 million people were displaced during the process, which also divided ethnic, cultural and lingual regions. 9 In their works, Shilpa Gupta and Munem Wasif have addressed the border between India and Bangladesh, the proposed site of the longest border fence in the world, while Ayesha Sultana has developed her career in the three different nations. 10 Several territorial disputes are ongoing in the South China Sea causing security threats between Asian nations and across the Pacific. 11 The mapping of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia was largely carried out by colonial empires. 12 Reflecting on contemporary and historical events, Simon Gende creates personal responses in the context of the continued legacy of colonial ties between Australia and Papua New Guinea, while Boedi Widjaja draws inspiration from living in both Indonesia and Singapore, as well as from time spent studying in Australia.